Aesculapius

Be sure to drink your ovaltine

Do the police compare DNA to genealogy databases? The odds the person used one is low, but maybe a family member?

One of the issues you are touching on is what we refer to as Medication Reconciliation. At least in the US, the standard of care is to verify the current medications a patient is taking at every visit - whether it be an office visit, ED visit, or a hospitalization. Our local pharmacies also play a part in checking for medication interaction. This does not extend to over the counter medications however.

The US is the same in that the patient owns their own information. However, private entities are charged with the responsibility with holding and securing that data. Unfortunately, there is no central repository for it here.

More advanced systems in the US do allow for data access via phone. But it is not uniformly available or applied.

Physician here. Masks absolutely reduce transmission and the chance of contracting COVID.

Here is the definitive study on the subject.

Here is a video of a presentation by one of the authors along with some demonstrations and explanations.

TLDR: Here is the Abstract:
There is ample evidence that masking and social distancing are effective in reducing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission. However, due to the complexity of airborne disease transmission, it is difficult to quantify their effectiveness, especially in the case of one-to-one exposure. Here, we introduce the concept of an upper bound for one-to-one exposure to infectious human respiratory particles and apply it to SARS-CoV-2. To calculate exposure and infection risk, we use a comprehensive database on respiratory particle size distribution; exhalation flow physics; leakage from face masks of various types and fits measured on human subjects; consideration of ambient particle shrinkage due to evaporation; and rehydration, inhalability, and deposition in the susceptible airways. We find, for a typical SARS-CoV-2 viral load and infectious dose, that social distancing alone, even at 3.0 m between two speaking individuals, leads to an upper bound of 90% for risk of infection after a few minutes. If only the susceptible wears a face mask with infectious speaking at a distance of 1.5 m, the upper bound drops very significantly; that is, with a surgical mask, the upper bound reaches 90% after 30 min, and, with an FFP2 mask, it remains at about 20% even after 1 h. When both wear a surgical mask, while the infectious is speaking, the very conservative upper bound remains below 30% after 1 h, but, when both wear a well-fitting FFP2 mask, it is 0.4%. We conclude that wearing appropriate masks in the community provides excellent protection for others and oneself, and makes social distancing less important.

The issues you bring up are well known and I couldn’t agree more. Interoperability needs to be better. See my comment further up.

Right now US privacy laws aren’t compatible with one overarching centralized healthcare record.

Short of that, however, would be an interoperable system. Epic, which is the largest US medical record system, allows for different facilities on the same platform to share information. It is up to the specific facility if a records release is required. Most systems in a given region will have that worked out ahead of time and build it into their general consent for treatment (a form everyone signs). It works quite well. Where I practice, I am able to get all the information I need from across the country, assuming they are on the same platform at the time I am seeing the patient.

For other platforms, it’s more mixed. Federal law requires certain interoperability, but it is fairly limited and not real time. Generally it involves a flash drive with the info on it.

As for the comment about changing platforms in a similar system, that is a struggle. Hospitals are required to keep patient information forever. When they first started going up on electronic systems, they only went back so many years as the scanning costs were huge. As time has moved forward, many systems are bringing all the information over to the new system so they don’t have to maintain more than one electronic system for archive purposes.

Source: I am a physician and chief medical officer.

We use Fluency Direct, but you are correct. Dragon is quite popular too.

Physician and Chief Medical Officer here. I started my practice on the tail end of paper records and I have been through, and led, several different renditions of electronic medical records. Like any other software, the technology has evolved and matured over the last 20 years. Electronic Health Records are just about patient information anymore either. They incorporate patient info, clinician orders, billing, and also provide numerous cross checks and safety systems to improve patient care.

The article discusses the issue with digitizing handwritten notes. This is always problematic as they are not searchable, indexed, etc. and can be very difficult to work through. The system where I work has been on the same medical record system for over 10 years. This provides an efficiency that I didn’t have when I was working in a paper system. The entire chart is searchable. Medical history sections are filled out and robust.

From a safety perspective, these systems give us so much more than we had. One prime example is bedside scanning. When a nurse administers a medication in a hospital environment the medical record plays a pivotal role. As a physician I enter and order for a medication. If there is an allergy, medication interaction, or a host of other things, the system will alert me to it before the order is signed. Once signed, the order then goes to a pharmacist to review and approve. The patient’s nurse will then be notified of the order and be able to pull the medication from an integrated medication storage unit with multiple drawers and compartments to ensure the right medication is taken. Finally, the nurse must use the EHR to scan the patient’s armband and the medication barcode. If there is any discrepancy, the medication is not given until the issue is resolved.

From a user perspective, I can now create notes and write orders faster than I could in a paper world, even with dictation. Most docs use a combined template/voice recognition approach which works well. There has been a great deal of work in the Epic world (one of the largest EHR systems) to increase efficiency and improve the user experience.

Are these systems perfect? Far from it. But things are better now, at least where I work, than this article makes it seem.

Interesting fact: Israel does not have a formal written constitution. Instead, they have a series of Basic Laws which is like rolling out a chapter at a time. Very interesting reading here.

Did someone throw the boy from the ferry?

Going away from tipping isn’t as fringe as it was 10-20 years ago. In general, customers will tip reasonably the same amount regardless of the level of service - unless the service is exception or dismal. These extremes make up a very small percentage of the total number of experiences. Things that affect tips more? Hand written notes on the receipts, bubbly attitude, and I hate to say this one - borderline flirting with male customers (laughing at their jokes, casual hand on the arm/shoulder, being overly complimentary, etc). I want to stress that I don’t find this appropriate, but it has been shown to drive up tips. This is one of the many criticisms of the practice - that it can be about misogynistic interactions between guests and staff. People like tipping because it gives them a sense of very tangible feedback on how they felt the service went. The problem is that it is used by many restaurants as an excuse to not pay a living wage.

There are so many service related professions that do not work on tips and they are able to maintain a high standard. Certainly not all of them. But in those companies where there is no tipping and I don’t get good service, I don’t go back.

Source: I opened a restaurant in 2016 and ran it until 2020 when COVID killed it. I strongly considered going to a no tipping model at that time, but it would not have been received well by my market. There were no other restaurants in the area that did it and I was overruled by my partners.

Physician here. The psychological impacts of gender identity issues are very real and would occur even if society was 100% accepting of trans people. Sadly, society is not which makes it worse. These folks need and deserve healthcare. That care involves not only helping them work through their journey, but also supporting it with psychiatric care, hormonal options, and in some cases, surgical treatment. Transphobes make it sound like society is allowing minors to be injured by these practices. This couldn’t be further from the truth.

Puberty blocking medications are a reversible option for adolescents. If they determine that they would like to proceed with their biological identity later, the meds are stopped and their puberty ensues. Very few minors receive any type of gender reassignment surgery. Most of the time, patients will start with hormonal treatment and pursue surgical options when they are done growing and usually when they are over 18. But there are exceptions.

Putting extra negative attention on people going through this and limiting their treatment options is draconian and must stop.