Safety features haven’t changed that much on major power tools in a long time, with the exception of stop saw. Don’t necessarily think old tools are inherently less safe, but let that fear of spinning blades cultivate respect for what they can do. At the end of the day, it’s all about keeping your fingers and body out of the blade path. This can be done with a mix of technique and some very basic tools.

Chop saw

• Does yours have a blade guard that retracts as the saw moves up and down? That’s the only safety innovation on these that I know about
• Keep your fingers away from the saw bed and fence
• Don’t hold your work piece to the saw fence with your hand, use a clamp
• Don’t hold your work piece to the bed of the saw if it’s too long and falling over. You can either build/buy a stand or use an outfeed type table if the saw is on say the end of a counter/bench

Table saw kick back

• Do does yours have a Riving knife? If yes, good. If no, does it have provisions for one? Go buy one and install it pronto. Riving knives prevent kickback, which occurs when the far side of the blade (spinning up) catches/lifts the wood you’re cutting. This can result in one of two things: you reach for the wood that’s lifting and put your finger in the blade path and/or the wood lifts, the blade catches it, and the piece of wood gets thrown in your ganeral direction
• if possible, stand off-center to the piece of wood you’re cutting so it can’t hit you if it does kick back
• If you see the wood lifting, then the saw off then think

Table saw other ideas

• Use push blocks and/or push sticks. These don’t have to be fancy and you can absolutely make your own out of a piece of wood. I would personally avoid blocks or sticks that only rely on friction. The last thing you want is for one to slip and put your hand (or body) in the blade path
• Speaking of bodies, do not lean over the table saw! You don’t want to slip and fall into the blade
• If you have a fence and are ripping narrow pieces of wood, use a featherboard to keep the wood against the fence
• Buy or make a cross cut sled. This will make your cuts more consistent and keep your fingers out of the way
• Speaking of sleds, table saw jigs are your friend if you’re making repetitive cuts

One thing that’s helped me a bit in similar circumstances was to find the manual (by searching on-line, since the paper ones don’t tend to survive in our household). Even 30-50 years ago, they were pretty good at telling you what to absolutely not do, in order to reduce the number of lawsuits flung at the manufacturer. Also a nice-to-have for maintenance purposes.

(Now if only I could find the one for that damned drill press . . .)

Fear is good, so long as you can convert it into respect for them. As soon as you lose the respect, they WILL bite you.

In addition to lots of good comments you have already received, I’ll add a couple notes.

Some old tools were designed to let you do some inherently unsafe things. Radial arm saws are one thing that comes to mind. They were designed to be a one stop shop, but really compromised safety to do that. If you have one, do some reading or watch some videos of modern woodworkers on what you can actually safely do with them.

Another thing to look out for is that old tools can sometimes have a lot of vibration. As things get older, bearings wear down, and screws/bolts can loosen. If you notice a lot of vibration, you can go around the tool to try and find anything loose. Many tools have a lot of adjustment points to ensure things are well balanced. If you are really handy, you can also replace bearings. Another trick I used with an old contractor saw was placing weights on the shelf under the body of the saw. Generally, more mass is less vibration; that’s why cabinet saws weigh so much.

Really, if I were you, I would just post pictures of what you have to this community. That’s a good way to get more specific advice.

A few things:

• Look up the appropriate safety equipment and use it. Eye and ear protection at a bare minimum. Power tools are loud, get a nice set of earmuffs so that you’re not startled every time you turn them on. Gloves… there are cases where not having gloves is safer, eg around drills where you can be caught up. Long sleeve shirts should have the sleeves buttoned or rolled up, jewellery should be removed, long hair should be tied up and under a hat.
• Clamps and big tables/base plates. Don’t be afraid to clamp whatever you’re working on down tight to something big and sturdy. It gives you the opportunity to use two hands on the tools.
• Always get in the habit of unplugging power tools when working on them. If your drills and what-not need a spanner or chuck key to change blades or bits, cable tie the tool you need to the power cable just behind the plug. It forces you to unplug it when working on it.
• Finally, look at getting an inline, foot operated safety switch. It’s like an extension cord with the switch in the middle. Nothing works until your foot is on the switch. Use that with your tools if you don’t feel confident, and especially on older tools where switch interlocks and etc weren’t that great.

Once you’ve got all that, practice. Things are a lot less intimidating when you’re working with things that are clamped down, with good safety gear, and everything is controlled.